Ocimum basilicum is a perennial herb that can grow up to 0.5 m.
Sweet basil has been used for thousands of years as a culinary and medicinal herb. It acts principally on the digestive and nervous systems, easing flatulence, stomach cramps, colic and indigestion. It also helps in the treatment of migraine, nausea and exhaustion. For a more in-depth view of this plant properties, check: PFAF
The name "basil" comes from the Latin basilius, and the Greek βασιλικόν φυτόν (basilikón phytón), meaning "royal/kingly plant". There are many rituals and beliefs associated with basil.
In India, such as in ancient Egypt and Greece, Hindus believed that if a leaf of basil was buried with them, it would get them into heaven, thus the popularity of holy basil. Basil was also sacred to the Gods Krishna, and Vishnu (Hortnews, Wikipedia). To know more about the myths sorrounding basil, go have a look at: Talking myths